The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) announced that vulnerabilities in its On-Screen Marking (OnMark) platform for Class 12 answer sheets have been contained. This follows public disclosures by ethical hackers, including 19-year-old Nisarga Adhikary, who exposed exploitable weaknesses. The CBSE stated that an expert cybersecurity team, including professionals from government arms and IITs, was deployed to fortify the systems. The board expressed gratitude to alert citizens for highlighting these issues, ensuring the integrity of the digital evaluation ecosystem. Concerns were raised regarding data sovereignty and the handling of sensitive student data by the technology vendor, COEMPT Eduteck.
CBSE confirmed containing vulnerabilities in its On-Screen Marking (OnMark) platform for Class 12 answer sheets.
Ethical hackers, like Nisarga Adhikary, publicly exposed these security flaws.
An expert team from government and IITs was deployed to secure the systems.
परीक्षा बिंदु
CBSE On-Screen Marking (OnMark) platform for Class 12 answer sheets.
The Election Commission (EC) has commenced the enumeration phase for the third phase of the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls in Odisha, Mizoram, Sikkim, and Manipur. Eligible electors whose forms are received by June 28 will be included in the draft electoral rolls. This phase is part of a staggered exercise covering 16 States and three Union Territories, aiming to ensure no eligible citizen is left out and no ineligible person is included. Booth-level officers (BLOs) will conduct house-to-house visits, and political parties' booth-level agents (BLAs) can assist in collecting forms.
The Election Commission initiated Phase 3 of the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls.
The enumeration phase began on May 30 and will continue till June 28 in Odisha, Mizoram, Sikkim, and Manipur.
The SIR aims to ensure comprehensive and accurate electoral rolls, including all eligible voters and excluding ineligible ones.
परीक्षा बिंदु
Phase 3 of SIR started on May 30, 2026, and ends June 28, 2026.
States involved in Phase 3 initial rollout: Odisha, Mizoram, Sikkim, Manipur.
Nepal Prime Minister Balendra Shah sparked controversy by stating that Nepal has encroached upon Indian territory in several places, marking the first such public admission by a Nepali head of government. This statement was made in response to a lawmaker's question regarding the disputed Kalapani region. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs later clarified that the PM's remarks primarily referred to "cross-border occupation" in the Dasgaja area (no-man's land), where citizens of one country cultivate or reside on land belonging to the other. Lawmakers from Nepali Congress and Communist Party demanded clarification and removal of the remarks from record.
Nepal PM Balendra Shah publicly stated that Nepal has encroached upon Indian territory in multiple locations.
The statement was made in Parliament concerning the disputed Kalapani region.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs clarified that the remarks referred to "cross-border occupation" in the Dasgaja area.
परीक्षा बिंदु
Nepal Prime Minister: Balendra Shah.
Disputed regions: Lipulekh, Limpiyadhura, and Kalapani.
Dasgaja area: Refers to no-man's land along the border.
Gujarat Forest and Environment Minister Arjun Modhwadia announced that no Asiatic lion deaths linked to a viral infection have been reported in the Gir landscape for the past three days. This follows intensive monitoring and treatment measures by the State Forest Department. Earlier, eight lion cubs had died due to the infection, leading to heightened surveillance and veterinary intervention. The Minister visited the Gir Sanctuary, Jamwala Rescue Centre, Babariya forest area, and Jasadhar Animal Care Centre to review the situation, stating that the outbreak is now under control due to timely action.
No new Asiatic lion deaths reported in Gir for three days following a viral outbreak.
Earlier, eight lion cubs had died due to the infection.
Intensive monitoring and treatment measures were implemented by the State Forest Department.
The National Family Health Survey (NFHS-6) for 2023-24 indicates a significant increase in C-section deliveries, obesity, and diabetes across Maharashtra, with urban areas showing higher incidences. Institutional births reached 96.4%, but C-sections rose to 33.6% from 25.4% in 2019-21, with private hospitals reporting higher rates (48.5%). Obesity increased among women (23.5% to 31.1%) and men (24.7% to 32.8%). Diabetes also saw a jump, affecting 16% of women and 17.7% of men. Improvements were noted in children's health, with reduced stunting and wasting, and improved vaccination coverage.
NFHS-6 data for 2023-24 shows an increase in C-section deliveries, obesity, and diabetes in Maharashtra.
C-section deliveries rose to 33.6%, with private hospitals accounting for a higher share.
Obesity rates increased significantly for both women (31.1%) and men (32.8%).
परीक्षा बिंदु
Survey: National Family Health Survey (NFHS-6) for 2023-24.
Maharashtra C-section rate: 33.6% (up from 25.4% in NFHS-5).
Maharashtra obesity rates: Women 31.1%, Men 32.8%.
The Supreme Court has issued notices to the Union Government, CBSE, and NCERT regarding the implementation of a three-language formula for Class 9 students from July 1, 2026. While declining an immediate stay, the Court acknowledged concerns about "hardship and inconvenience." The CBSE's mandate requires two of the three languages to be native Indian languages, with foreign languages only as a third or optional fourth subject. Critics argue this is a political decision, lacks parliamentary backing, and violates NEP 2020's promise of flexibility and no language imposition. Concerns include added pressure on students, teacher shortages, and textbook unavailability.
Supreme Court issued notices to the Union Government, CBSE, and NCERT on the three-language formula for Class 9 students.
The CBSE mandate requires two of the three languages to be native Indian languages.
The policy is challenged on constitutional grounds, citing personal choice and lack of parliamentary legislation.
परीक्षा बिंदु
Supreme Court hearing on July 15 and 16, 2026.
CBSE circular mandating three languages for Class 9 from July 1, 2026.
National Curriculum Framework for School Education 2023.
Brinda Karat critiques the Janjati Suraksha Manch (JSM) and Vanvasi Kalyan Ashram, RSS progeny, for their majoritarian agenda targeting Adivasi identity and faith. The JSM demands delisting Adivasi communities converted to Christianity from ST status, citing the Presidential Order of 1950 for Scheduled Castes. Karat argues this ignores the foundational distinction that Adivasi identity is not religion-based, as upheld by the Patna High Court in 1963. She highlights JSM's coercive tactics, such as forced exhumations and exclusion from community festivals, to prove Adivasis abandon their culture upon conversion. She also criticizes the cooption campaign asserting Adivasis as part of the "sanatan parivar" and Home Minister Amit Shah's endorsement of this agenda, while ignoring urgent issues like Forest Rights Act sabotage and corporate takeovers.
Janjati Suraksha Manch (JSM) and Vanvasi Kalyan Ashram advocate delisting Christian Adivasis from Scheduled Tribe (ST) status.
This demand is based on the Presidential Order of 1950 for Scheduled Castes, which links identity to religion.
Adivasi identity is fundamentally not religion-based, as established by the Patna High Court in 1963.
India and Canada are opening a new chapter in their bilateral relations, focusing on economic cooperation, technological collaboration, energy security, and people-to-people connectivity. Recent visits by Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney and India's Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal highlight a renewed commitment to finalize a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) by end of 2026 and achieve $50 billion in bilateral trade by 2030. India's growing economy and Canada's expertise in natural resources, clean energy, and innovation create mutual opportunities. The Indian diaspora serves as a vital link, and Canadian pension funds are investing significantly in India's growth story, reinforcing trust and long-term commercial confidence.
India and Canada are committed to deepening bilateral cooperation across economic, technological, energy, and people-to-people sectors.
Both nations aim to finalize a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) by the end of 2026.
A target of $50 billion in bilateral trade has been set for 2030.
परीक्षा बिंदु
Canadian Prime Minister: Mark Carney.
India's Commerce and Industry Minister: Piyush Goyal.
Despite a modest increase in capacity, Indian prisons remain severely overcrowded, with the occupancy rate at 112.7% in 2024, a decade-low but still high. This issue is primarily driven by the disproportionately high share of undertrials, who constituted about 73% of the total inmate population in 2024. States like Delhi (194% occupancy) and Jammu & Kashmir (148%) show extreme overcrowding. A Parliamentary Committee report highlighted that overcrowding strains resources, compromises living standards, and limits access to facilities. Additionally, high staff vacancies, with almost half of sanctioned posts vacant in some states, further exacerbate the problem.
Indian prisons are significantly overcrowded, with an occupancy rate of 112.7% in 2024.
Undertrials account for approximately 73% of the total inmate population, contributing significantly to overcrowding.
States like Delhi (194%) and Jammu & Kashmir (148%) exhibit severe overcrowding.
परीक्षा बिंदु
Source: Prison Statistics report by National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB).
The Bihar government successfully rescued 122 child labourers and registered First Information Reports (FIRs) against 60 employers over a ten-day statewide enforcement drive. This initiative, conducted between May 20 and May 30, aimed at eliminating child labor across the state. Intensive inspections and raids were carried out at 222 locations, demonstrating the government's commitment to combating child exploitation and ensuring the protection of children's rights.
Bihar government conducted a statewide enforcement drive against child labor.
122 child labourers were rescued during the drive.
FIRs were registered against 60 employers for engaging child labor.
The article critiques the Supreme Court's increasing reliance on suo motu cognisance in individual criminal cases, likening it to a bureaucracy ringing its own chain. It argues that such interventions, often triggered by media reports, are "heroic" but fail to promote institutional shake-up in lower judiciary. The author points out that while the apex court takes cognisance, the actual work of conviction or investigation is done by trial courts. The trend of rising suo motu cases since 2020, contrasted with earlier periods, suggests a shift from a "rare" to a "recurring" instrument, raising questions about the effective use of scarce judicial attention, especially when dowry deaths and other serious crimes have low conviction rates.
The Supreme Court's frequent use of suo motu cognisance in individual criminal cases is criticized as a form of judicial overreach.
Such interventions, often media-driven, are seen as superficial rather than leading to systemic reforms in the lower judiciary.
The article highlights that despite apex court cognisance, the investigative and conviction work primarily rests with trial courts.
परीक्षा बिंदु
Case examples: Twisha Sharma's death, R.G. Kar matter, Hathras case, Lakhimpur Kheri.
Sahara India Real Estate Corporation v. SEBI (2012) - five-judge Constitution Bench authority on media trial.
National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) recorded 6,450 dowry deaths in 2022.
General N.S. Raja Subramani has assumed charge as India's third Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) and Secretary, Department of Military Affairs. He paid tribute at the National War Memorial and was accorded a Tri-Services Guard of Honour. General Subramani emphasized strengthening national security through greater integration among the services and implementing Prime Minister Narendra Modi's vision of "JAI" – Jointness, Atma Nirbharta (self-sufficiency), and Innovation. He stated that organizational reforms would focus on synergy, integration, and operational effectiveness, and accelerating indigenous weapon development.
General N.S. Raja Subramani is India's third Chief of Defence Staff (CDS).
He also serves as the Secretary, Department of Military Affairs.
His priorities include strengthening national security through greater integration among the armed services.
परीक्षा बिंदु
General N.S. Raja Subramani: Third CDS of India.
Commissioned into Garhwal Rifles in December 1985.
Admiral Krishna Swaminathan has assumed charge as the 27th Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) of the Indian Navy, succeeding Admiral Dinesh Kumar Tripathi. He reaffirmed the Navy's commitment to protecting national and economic interests amidst a complex regional security environment. Admiral Swaminathan highlighted priorities such as maintaining high operational readiness, combat effectiveness, and accelerating the induction of niche and emerging technologies. He also pledged to sustain the growth momentum and consolidate ongoing modernization programs for capability enhancement.
Admiral Krishna Swaminathan is the 27th Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) of the Indian Navy.
He succeeded Admiral Dinesh Kumar Tripathi, who retired after 41 years of service.
His priorities include protecting national and economic interests in a challenging security environment.
National Security Adviser Ajit Doval met Myanmar's President U Min Aung Hlaing in New Delhi to discuss key issues related to bilateral ties. President Hlaing is on a five-day visit to India and is scheduled to meet Prime Minister Narendra Modi to enhance cooperation in trade, connectivity, border security, and defence. This visit follows his assumption of the presidency after parliamentary elections in Myanmar. Myanmar is a strategic neighbour, sharing a 1,640-kilometre border with northeastern Indian states, including Nagaland and Manipur, and is crucial for regional stability and security.
NSA Ajit Doval met Myanmar President U Min Aung Hlaing in New Delhi.
President Hlaing is on a five-day visit to India, with talks scheduled with PM Modi.
Discussions will focus on trade, connectivity, border security, and defence cooperation.
परीक्षा बिंदु
India's NSA: Ajit Doval.
Myanmar's President: U Min Aung Hlaing.
Myanmar shares a 1,640-kilometre border with India.
U.K. Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper will embark on a two-nation tour, visiting China and then India, to discuss global challenges and bolster cooperation. The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) stated that ministerial engagements would cover issues like the situation in the Strait of Hormuz, Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and the Ebola outbreak in Africa. In India, Ms. Cooper is scheduled to meet External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and interact with entrepreneurs, academics, and government partners to deliver on the U.K.-India Vision 2035.
U.K. Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper will visit China and India for bilateral talks.
The tour aims to address global challenges and enhance cooperation.
Key discussion topics include the Strait of Hormuz, Ukraine war, and Ebola outbreak.
परीक्षा बिंदु
U.K. Foreign Secretary: Yvette Cooper.
India's External Affairs Minister: Dr. S. Jaishankar.
The Supreme Court has established a close link between human trafficking and broader migration flows, describing trafficking as a severe form of exploitation arising from systemic inequalities that transform survival strategies into pathways of exploitation. Justices J.B. Pardiwala and R. Mahadevan noted that while not all migration is trafficking, the latter rarely occurs without it. The court also addressed the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act (ITPA), highlighting its failure to accord rights and protections to voluntary adult sex workers, which leads to social stigma and isolation. It called for the government to recognize the rights of voluntary adult sex workers and re-examine the conflation of sex trafficking and sex work in legislative frameworks.
The Supreme Court linked human trafficking to broader migration flows, stemming from systemic inequalities.
Trafficking is seen as an extreme form of exploitation, often emerging from survival strategies.
The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act (ITPA) is criticized for failing to protect voluntary adult sex workers.
The NASA James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has successfully captured weather patterns on exoplanet WASP-94A b, located nearly 700 lightyears away. This 'hot Jupiter' exoplanet, almost twice Jupiter's size but half its mass, is tidally locked to its parent star, resulting in extreme temperature differences between its dayside and nightside. Scientists used spectroscopy to analyze its atmosphere, revealing clouds of magnesium silicate, iron, and magnesium sulphide on its mornings, dissipating by evening. This discovery, published in Science, provides insights into extreme weather cycles and helps astronomers understand planetary formation and evolution across different solar systems.
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observed weather patterns on exoplanet WASP-94A b, 700 lightyears away.
WASP-94A b is a 'hot Jupiter' exoplanet, tidally locked, with extreme temperature variations.
Spectroscopy revealed clouds of magnesium silicate, iron, and magnesium sulphide on the planet's morning side, which dissipate by evening.
परीक्षा बिंदु
Telescope: NASA James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
Bangladesh has approved the Padma Barrage, a large river engineering project on the Padma river (Bangladesh's stretch of the Ganga) in Rajbari district. The 2.1-km-long barrage will impound 2.9 billion cubic metres of water, generate 113 MW hydropower, and irrigate 2.88 million hectares of farmland, affecting 37% of the country's land area. This project is Bangladesh's response to drought issues caused by reduced seasonal flows due to India's Farakka barrage upstream. Critics warn that mega-barrages often underperform, alter sediment flows, and create new ecological problems like water-logging and damage to fisheries, highlighting a regional trend of building more river barriers, contrary to global efforts to remove obsolete dams.
Bangladesh approved the Padma Barrage project on the Padma river, its stretch of the Ganga.
The project aims to address drought and water security issues, partly attributed to India's Farakka barrage.
The barrage will impound 2.9 billion cubic metres of water and generate 113 MW of hydropower.
परीक्षा बिंदु
Project: Padma Barrage.
Location: Rajbari district, Bangladesh, on the Padma river (Ganga).
Barrage length: 2.1 km.
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