Navigating India's Strategic Challenges in an Evolving Global Geopolitical Landscape
Former NSA M.K. Narayanan analyzes India's foreign policy struggles amidst global shifts, including the potential return of Donald Trump and China's expanding influence. The article notes India's perceived isolation in regional forums and its absence from major peace settlements like the Gaza pact. It critiques India's 'friendless' neighborhood, citing strained relations with countries like Turkey and the impact of the Afghanistan-Pakistan conflict. The author argues that India must demonstrate greater flexibility and ingenuity to protect its interests, especially as China establishes dominance in the Indo-Pacific and Southeast Asia through economic and cyber influence.
Key Points
- India's foreign policy needs to adapt to a world where multilateralism is losing meaning and plurilateralism is rising.
- The 'neighborhood first' policy faces challenges from hostile or unstable regimes in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh.
- China remains a primary strategic conundrum, with its 'cat and mouse game' on tariffs and border issues.
- India's absence from the grand reconciliation in West Asia signals a potential decline in its regional relevance.
Exam Facts
- M.K. Narayanan (Former National Security Adviser).
- Galwan episode (June 2020).
- Tianjin (August 2025) diplomatic circles.
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