Current Affairs

Current Affairs — 2 November 2026

2 November 2026
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GeographyEnvironment & Ecology

Why Even a Strong El Niño Does Not Guarantee a Poor Indian Monsoon

The Indian Meteorological Department's past experience highlights a complex relationship between El Niño and the Indian monsoon. A strong El Niño does not automatically result in a poor monsoon season. For instance, in 1997, despite one of the strongest El Niño episodes of the century, India experienced a rainfall deficit of only 8%. In contrast, a weaker El Niño in 2026 led to a 6% rainfall deficit. This proves that the monsoon depends on multiple combined ocean-atmosphere conditions rather than being driven solely by El Niño.

  • El Niño's impact on the Indian monsoon is not uniform and varies significantly across years and regions.
  • In 1997, despite a very strong El Niño, India recorded a rainfall deficit of only 8%.
  • A weaker El Niño in 2026 resulted in a comparable rainfall deficit of around 6%.
Exam Points
  • The 1997 strong El Niño episode resulted in only an 8% rainfall deficit in India.
  • The 2026 weaker El Niño episode led to a rainfall deficit of around 6%.
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Governance & PolityLegal & Judiciary

Blind Faith, Fear and Authoritarianism: Supreme Court Judge Justice Bhuyan Warns Against False Notions

Supreme Court judge Justice Ujjal Bhuyan has warned that a society which accepts claims without evidence, fears questions, and views tradition as beyond challenge becomes vulnerable to misinformation and authoritarianism. Highlighting the need for rational inquiry, he stated that scientific temper is the ultimate antidote to ignorance and blind belief. The judge also cautioned against the misuse of Form 7 to instill fear or stifle rights, emphasizing that such practices undermine democracy, constitutional values, and the rule of law.

  • Blind faith and fear pave the way for authoritarianism and undermine democratic values.
  • Scientific temper acts as a vital antidote against ignorance, misinformation, and blind belief.
  • Form 7 should not be misused to instill fear, stifle people's rights, or undermine democracy.
Exam Points
  • Justice Ujjal Bhuyan is a Supreme Court judge who emphasized the need for rational thinking and scientific temper.
  • The misuse of Form 7 can undermine democracy and the rule of law according to the Supreme Court.
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