The Supreme Court praised the repealed Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) as a 'salutary scheme,' not a freebie or exploitation. This observation came during a petition hearing regarding delayed wages under MGNREGA. The court clarified that the 'right to work' is not a fundamental right under Article 21 but a democratic aspiration under Part IV (DPSP). The new law, Viksit Bharat Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act, shifts from a demand-driven to a centrally controlled model, increases workdays, and raises the funding burden on States from 90:10 to 60:40.
The Supreme Court lauded MGNREGA as a 'salutary scheme' and not a 'freebie' or 'exploitation'.
The court clarified that the 'right to work' is not a fundamental right under Article 21, but a democratic aspiration under Part IV (DPSP).
The new law, VB-G RAM G Act, shifts MGNREGA from a demand-driven, rights-based framework to a centrally controlled model.
Exam Points
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was enacted in 2005.
The new law is the Viksit Bharat Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act.
Article 21 of the Constitution pertains to the right to life.
The UDISE+ 2025-26 report showcases significant progress in India's school education, including increased enrolment and retention, but also reveals persistent regional and social disparities. It notes variations in foundational and secondary school proportions across states, and significant differences in student enrolment composition among social groups like General, ST, SC, and OBC. The report underscores the need for greater equity in access, resources, and outcomes to achieve the goals of NEP 2020 and constitutional promises of equality (Articles 14 and 21A).
The UDISE+ 2025-26 report indicates overall progress in India's school education system, including enrolment and retention.
Significant regional and social disparities persist in access, resources, and educational outcomes.
There are notable variations in Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) among OBCs, General, SCs, and STs.
Exam Points
The UDISE+ 2025-26 report covers 14.7 million students, 240 million students, and 10.2 million teachers.
West Bengal has the highest proportion of foundational and preparatory schools (79%).
Chandigarh has the highest proportion of secondary schools (83%).
The Patna High Court, in the Surendra Prasad vs State of Bihar case (February 2025), criticized the Bihar State Pollution Control Board (BSPCB) for failing to curb noise pollution from DJ trolleys and loudspeakers. The court directed authorities to implement routine, proactive enforcement, including mandatory registration of sound-system operators and event halls, and strict adherence to the 10 p.m. cut-off. It highlighted that episodic, complaint-based enforcement is inadequate and that citizens have a right under Article 21 to be protected from unlawful noise, underscoring the need for consistent enforcement.
Patna High Court acknowledged DJ trolleys and loudspeakers as major sources of noise pollution and criticized BSPCB for inaction.
The court directed authorities to pursue routine, proactive enforcement instead of relying on complaints.
Mandatory registration of DJs, sound-system operators, and event halls with subdivisional authorities was ordered.
Exam Points
The case is Surendra Prasad vs State of Bihar, heard in February 2025 by Patna High Court.
The Bihar State Pollution Control Board (BSPCB) was criticized for its inaction.
Article 21 of the Constitution guarantees the right to life, which includes protection from unlawful noise.
The Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA), launched under Quad in 2022, is essential for ensuring unimpeded trade and security in the Indo-Pacific. The region faces a persistent maritime surveillance deficit, with vessels disabling AIS transponders to evade sanctions or conceal illegal activities. IPMDA, a technology-based mechanism, integrates data from various sources to create a continuous maritime picture, addressing threats like smuggling, illegal fishing, and grey-zone operations. Its success relies on active participation from Quad, ASEAN, Pacific Island nations, and the EU to uphold a rules-based maritime order.
The Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA) is crucial for unimpeded trade and security in the Indo-Pacific.
The region suffers from a persistent maritime surveillance deficit, exacerbated by vessels disabling AIS transponders.
IPMDA is a technology-driven solution integrating various data sources to create a layered, near-continuous maritime picture.
Exam Points
The Indo-Pacific Partnership for Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA) was launched under Quad in 2022.
India purchased SeaVision technology from the U.S. in 2025 for MDA.
The Information Fusion Centre-Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR) was established in Gurugram in 2018.
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