Hurricanes force lizards to evolve stronger grip in Turks and Caicos
A study in Turks and Caicos Islands revealed that anoles evolved rapidly to cling harder after two hurricanes, Irma and Maria, in September 2017. Scientists observed changes in limb and toe structures, with longer forelimbs and larger toepads. Genetic analysis identified the hs6st1 gene as responsible for shorter fourth toes, confirmed by CRISPR experiments on brown anoles. Wind tunnel tests showed lizards held on longer with front legs. This demonstrates rapid evolution in response to extreme environmental pressures, offering a clear example of natural selection in action.
Key Points
- Anole lizards in Turks and Caicos evolved rapidly to adapt to hurricane-force winds.
- Changes included longer forelimbs, shorter hind legs, and larger toepads for better grip.
- The hs6st1 gene was identified as crucial for these evolutionary changes, specifically affecting toe length.
- CRISPR technology was used to confirm the gene's role in anole development.
- This research provides a real-time example of evolution driven by extreme environmental events.
Exam Facts
- Species: Anolis scriptus (Turks and Caicos anole) and Anolis sagrei (brown anole).
- Location: Turks and Caicos Islands.
- Hurricanes: Irma (September 8, 2017, 265 km/hr) and Maria (September 22, 2017, 200 km/hr).
- Gene identified: hs6st1, involved in muscle and skeletal development.
- Technology used: CRISPR for gene editing.
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