India's 'Operationally Deployed' Nuclear Warheads: Maturation of Second-Strike Capability
The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) reported that 12 of India's estimated 190 nuclear warheads are now "operationally deployed," meaning they are mated with delivery systems and ready for use. The article clarifies that this does not signify a shift from India's long-standing 'no first use' (NFU) policy, but rather the maturation of its second-strike capability. This development enhances India's ability to credibly retaliate after absorbing a first strike, particularly through its sea-based deterrent (SSBNs) and canisterised Agni-series missiles. The global trend of nuclear modernisation and weakening arms-control frameworks underscores the strategic significance of India's evolving deterrent posture.
Key Points
- SIPRI reported that 12 of India's nuclear warheads are now "operationally deployed," indicating readiness for use if authorized.
- This development signifies the maturation of India's second-strike capability, not a shift from its 'no first use' (NFU) doctrine.
- A credible second-strike capability is essential for the NFU doctrine, ensuring retaliatory capacity after absorbing a first strike.
- India's sea-based deterrent (SSBNs) and canisterised Agni-series missiles enhance the survivability and readiness of its nuclear arsenal.
- The development is contextualized within a global trend of nuclear modernization and weakening arms-control frameworks.
Exam Facts
- SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) released its annual yearbook in June.
- SIPRI classified 12 of India's estimated 190 nuclear warheads as "operationally deployed."
- India's nuclear doctrine is 'no first use' (NFU) and credible minimum deterrence.
- India's Arihant-class submarines contribute to its sea-based deterrent (SSBNs).
- Global nuclear warheads: 12,187 (as of January this year). China's arsenal: ~620.
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