Mangroves Over Seawalls: Advocating Ecosystem-Based Adaptation for Coastal Resilience
India's 11,000-km coastline faces escalating climate threats, impacting 250 million people. Despite the proven efficacy of Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) through natural buffers like mangroves, seagrasses, and coral reefs, "grey" infrastructure like seawalls dominates adaptation spending. EbA offers cost-effective protection, strengthens ecosystems, and supports livelihoods, as demonstrated by mangrove restoration in the Sundarbans. The article highlights that fragmented mandates and a preference for visible infrastructure hinder EbA's recognition and scaling within policy frameworks, urging a shift towards integrating EbA as a core climate and development strategy to leverage India's natural capital for resilience.
Key Points
- India's extensive coastline is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts, affecting a large population.
- Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) using natural systems like mangroves offers superior, cost-effective protection.
- Current adaptation spending disproportionately favors "grey" infrastructure over EbA.
- Lack of clear classification and recognition prevents EbA from being fully integrated into policy and finance.
- Integrating EbA as a core strategy is crucial for India's climate resilience and sustainable development.
Exam Facts
- India's coastline length: 11,000-kilometre.
- Coastal population affected: 250 million.
- Coastal States' spending on hard protection (last decade): ₹2,641 crore.
- National Coastal Mission budget decline: From ₹195 crore (2022-23) to ₹50 crore (2024-25).
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