Study Reveals Rising Water Flows in Indus Basin While Ganga Basin Faces Sharp Decline
A study published in 'Earth’s Future' shows that the Indus and Ganga river systems are moving in opposite hydrological directions. Between 1980 and 2021, annual streamflow in the Indus basin rose by 8%, primarily due to increased precipitation from western disturbances. Conversely, the Ganga basin saw a 17% reduction in flow. The decline in the Ganga is largely attributed to intensive groundwater pumping for irrigation, which has reversed the natural flow between aquifers and rivers in some stretches. This has significant implications for water security and requires coordinated groundwater regulation under the Indus Waters Treaty framework.
Key Points
- Indus basin flow increase is linked to variable monsoon contributions and western disturbances affecting the main river and tributaries.
- Ganga basin decline is driven by 60% to 80% groundwater extraction, particularly during weak monsoon years.
- The study utilized a high-resolution, physics-based hydrological model linking rainfall, groundwater, and irrigation.
- Natural flow directions between aquifers and rivers have reversed in parts of the Yamuna and upper Ganga due to depletion.
Exam Facts
- Study Publication: 'Earth’s Future' (American Geophysical Union).
- Indus flow change: +8%; Ganga flow change: -17% (1980-2021).
- Key Treaty: Indus Waters Treaty (1960).
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