Addressing India’s Demographic Shift: The Need for Public-Funded Geriatric Care
A recent RBI report highlights an uneven demographic transition across Indian states. Southern states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu are projected to become 'ageing states' by 2036, with elderly populations exceeding 20%. Conversely, northern states like Bihar and UP will see rising working-age populations beyond 2031. This shift creates fiscal pressures, as ageing states face higher pension costs and lower tax devolution due to population-based formulas. The article advocates for a new industrial policy focused on the 'care economy' and a massive expansion of public geriatric care to ensure 'graceful ageing' for all.
Key Points
- Kerala and Tamil Nadu's elderly populations are expected to exceed 22% and 20% respectively by 2036.
- The Finance Commission's population weightage formula disadvantages states that have successfully controlled population growth.
- Ageing in India disproportionately affects women, who often live longer but with fewer financial assets and no formal pensions.
- The informal safety net of family support is collapsing due to migration and the rise of nuclear families.
Exam Facts
- RBI report projects Kerala and Tamil Nadu as 'ageing states' by 2036.
- Working age populations in Bihar and UP will continue to rise beyond 2031.
- Southern states face lower Central tax devolution due to population weightage in Finance Commission formulae.
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