India's Nuclear Governance and the SHANTI Bill: Enhancing Capacity and Regulatory Independence
The Indian government has introduced the SHANTI Bill to overhaul civil nuclear facilities' operation and construction. Aiming for 100 GW of nuclear capacity by 2047, the Bill allows domestic private capital to participate in nuclear energy activities, previously restricted to government entities. While it aims to reduce transaction costs and clarify legal ambiguities for new entrants, concerns remain regarding the liability framework and the independence of the regulator. The Bill keeps sensitive fuel cycles under state control but opens up plant delivery and supply chains to private players to mobilize large-scale capital.
Key Points
- The government targets 100 GW of nuclear capacity by 2047, including five indigenous small modular reactors by 2033.
- The SHANTI Bill allows domestic private capital to build and operate civil nuclear facilities through licenses.
- Sensitive fuel cycles will remain under state control to prevent nuclear proliferation.
- Concerns exist regarding the independence of the regulator as the Bill vests significant influence in the Centre and Atomic Energy Commission.
Exam Facts
- Nuclear capacity target: 100 GW by 2047.
- Maximum operator liability for a nuclear incident: ₹3,000 crore.
- Nuclear power currently contributes approximately 3% of India's electricity.
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