The Supreme Court has directed all States and Union Territories to immediately remove stray dogs from public spaces including educational institutions, hospitals, railway stations, and bus stands. These animals must be relocated to designated shelters. Before relocation, dogs must be neutered and vaccinated in accordance with the Animal Birth Control (ABC) Rules, 2023. The court expressed concern over the disturbing increase in dog-bite incidents and frequent accidents involving stray animals on highways. It also mandated that local authorities ensure premises are secured with fencing and gates to prevent animal entry, with compliance reports due within eight weeks.
The Supreme Court ordered the 'forthwith' removal of stray dogs from sensitive public areas like schools and hospitals.
Relocated dogs must undergo sterilization and vaccination as per the Animal Birth Control (ABC) Rules, 2023.
The court emphasized that dogs removed from a specific location should not be released back into the same locality to ensure the effectiveness of the directive.
Exam Points
Animal Birth Control (ABC) Rules, 2023.
The matter is scheduled for further hearing on January 13, 2026.
Compliance reports must be submitted by municipal authorities within eight weeks.
The Tamil Nadu Raj Bhavan clarified that Governor R.N. Ravi reserved 10 Bills for the President's consideration, citing conflicts with University Grants Commission (UGC) regulations. This clarification aimed to counter claims of intentional delays in the legislative process. Out of 211 Bills received between September 2021 and October 2025, the Governor granted assent to 170 (81%). Of the 27 Bills reserved for the President, 16 were at the State government's request. The Governor emphasized that his actions align with constitutional duties to uphold the rule of law and protect the interests of the people of Tamil Nadu.
The Governor reserved 10 Bills for the President, citing conflicts with central UGC regulations framed under an Act of Parliament.
Statistically, 81% of Bills received by the Governor's office were granted assent, totaling 170 out of 211.
The Governor's office stated that 16 Bills were reserved for the President specifically at the request of the State government.
Exam Points
81% of 211 Bills received were granted assent by October 31, 2025.
10 Bills were reserved for the President due to UGC regulation conflicts.
Articles 200 and 201 of the Indian Constitution govern the Governor's power regarding Bills.
The Election Commission of India (ECI) has initiated a Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls in nine States and three Union Territories. This massive exercise aims to create a clean and updated electoral roll, particularly in states heading for elections in 2025 and 2026. The SIR involves door-to-door verification by Booth Level Officers (BLOs) to remove duplicates and include new voters. While the process is technically demanding, it is crucial for ensuring the integrity of the democratic process. The article notes challenges like migration and citizenship issues in border states like West Bengal and Assam.
The SIR is the first such intensive revision in 21 years, covering over 51 crore electors across 1,843 Assembly constituencies.
The ECI's goal is to ensure 'zero appeals' by making the process transparent and involving political parties at the field level.
Article 326 of the Constitution defines an elector as an equal truth to Article 324 in running elections.
Exam Points
Articles 324 and 326 of the Indian Constitution.
The final electoral roll is scheduled to be released on February 7, 2026.
The exercise covers 51 crore electors and 7.64 lakh Booth Level Officers (BLOs).
The Supreme Court has called for a comprehensive restructuring of century-old property laws, including the Transfer of Property Act (1882), Registration Act (1908), and Stamp Act (1899). Justice P.S. Narasimha noted that property disputes account for 66% of civil litigation in India, describing the buying process as 'traumatic.' The court directed the Law Commission of India to prepare a report on aligning these laws with modern technology. Crucially, the court urged the Centre to adopt blockchain technology for property registration to ensure transparency, immutability, and ease of tracking ownership history and encumbrances.
Property disputes constitute approximately 66% of all civil litigation in India, highlighting the need for legal reform.
The court identified fake documentation, land encroachments, and 'intermediaries' as major hurdles in current property transactions.
Blockchain technology is recommended to create a distributed, time-stamped ledger for land titles and ownership history.
Exam Points
Transfer of Property Act, 1882; Registration Act, 1908; Stamp Act, 1899.
Property disputes account for 66% of civil litigation in India.
Land is a 'State subject' under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution.
China has commissioned its third and most advanced aircraft carrier, the Fujian. This vessel is significant as it is the first carrier designed and built entirely within China. Unlike its predecessors, the Liaoning and Shandong, which used ski-jump systems, the Fujian employs an electromagnetic catapult launch system. This technology, currently found only on the U.S. Navy's Ford-class carriers, allows for more precise control and the launch of a wider range of aircraft. The Fujian represents a major step in China's goal to build a 'world-class' navy and project power beyond its immediate coastal waters.
The Fujian is China's first domestically designed and built aircraft carrier, marking a milestone in its naval engineering.
It utilizes an electromagnetic launch system (EMALS) instead of traditional steam catapults or ski-jumps, allowing for faster aircraft launches.
The carrier is part of China's military overhaul aiming for a modernized force by 2035 and a world-class navy by mid-century.
Exam Points
Names of China's carriers: Liaoning, Shandong, and Fujian.
The Fujian uses electromagnetic launch technology similar to the U.S. Navy's Ford-class.
China's goal is a modernized military force by 2035.
Following the death of a farmer in a tiger attack at Hale Heggu-dilu village, the Karnataka Forest Minister has ordered the immediate suspension of safari and trekking activities in human-wildlife conflict zones of Nagarahole and Bandipur. This incident marks the third such death in the region recently. The victim was dragged into a trench by a tiger while working in his field. Authorities have deployed forest personnel to capture the tiger responsible. The incident highlights the escalating human-wildlife conflict in the fringes of the Nagarahole-Bandipur forest complex, leading to public fear and demands for better protection.
A fatal tiger attack in Bandipur has led to the suspension of tourism activities in high-conflict zones to ensure public safety.
Forest authorities are tasked with capturing the specific tiger involved in repeated attacks to prevent further casualties.
The incident underscores the challenges of managing human-wildlife interfaces near protected forest areas in Karnataka.
Exam Points
Location: Bandipur Tiger Reserve and Nagarahole, Karnataka.
Three farmers have lost their lives in recent tiger attacks in the region.
The victim was identified as Chowdaiah Naika, aged 35.
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