Securing Critical Minerals for India's Clean Energy and Net-Zero Goals
India's goal of 500 GW renewable energy by 2030 and net-zero by 2070 depends on securing critical minerals like lithium, cobalt, and Rare Earth Elements (REEs). Currently, India relies heavily on imports, particularly from China. To achieve 'Atmanirbhar Bharat,' India must enhance domestic mining, improve recycling infrastructure (circular economy), and forge global partnerships. The government has launched the National Critical Mineral Mission and amended mining laws to attract private investment and streamline licensing, aiming to build a self-reliant supply chain for national security.
Key Points
- Critical minerals are essential for EV batteries, solar panels, and wind turbines.
- India currently relies on imports for nearly 100% of its lithium, cobalt, and nickel requirements.
- The circular economy is vital, as India formally recycles only 10% of its four million metric tonnes of annual e-waste.
Exam Facts
- Policy: National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) with a ₹34,300 crore outlay.
- Legislation: Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2023.
- Discovery: 5.9 million tonnes of inferred lithium resources identified in J&K in 2023.
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