Why conservation is key for Western Ghats as an Ecologically Sensitive Area
This article emphasizes the critical need for conservation in the Western Ghats, designated as an Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA). It highlights the region's rich biodiversity, including 89 species of mammals, 179 species of amphibians, and 325 species of birds, many of which are endemic. The article discusses the Kasturirangan Committee report, which recommended declaring 37% of the Western Ghats as ESA, restricting polluting industries and mining. Despite the economic benefits of resource extraction, the long-term ecological and social costs, including impacts on tribal communities, necessitate robust conservation efforts. The article underscores the importance of protecting this UNESCO World Heritage Site for its ecological services and the well-being of its diverse communities.
Key Points
- The Western Ghats, an Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA), is a biodiversity hotspot crucial for ecological services.
- The region is home to numerous endemic species of flora and fauna, making its conservation vital.
- The Kasturirangan Committee report recommended declaring 37% of the Western Ghats as ESA, with restrictions on polluting industries and mining.
- Conservation efforts are essential to mitigate the long-term ecological and social costs of unchecked development.
- Protecting the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is crucial for its biodiversity and the well-being of local communities.
Exam Facts
- The Western Ghats span 1,500 km across six states (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu).
- The Kasturirangan Committee report recommended declaring 37% of the Western Ghats as ESA.
- The Western Ghats is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- It is home to 89 species of mammals, 179 species of amphibians, and 325 species of birds.
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