India's demographic shift: Preparing for an ageing population as fertility rates fall
India is undergoing a significant demographic transition, moving from a 'population explosion' to an ageing population, as evidenced by the latest SRS bulletin (2024). The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has dropped to 1.9, below the replacement level of 2.1, and the birth rate has fallen from 21 in 2014 to 18.3 in 2024. While India currently enjoys a demographic dividend with a median age of 29.2 years, this will eventually disappear. The article highlights the need for policy reassessment to address the needs of a greying nation, including better healthcare access, education, and addressing regional disparities in child survival and infant mortality rates.
Key Points
- India's Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has fallen to 1.9, below the replacement level of 2.1, indicating a significant demographic shift.
- The country is transitioning from a young, expanding population to an ageing one, which will eventually lead to the disappearance of the demographic dividend.
- Factors like urbanisation, better education, and access to contraception contribute to the decline in fertility rates.
- There are significant regional disparities in demographic performance, with southern states generally outperforming northern states in health and education indicators.
- India needs to proactively prepare for the needs of an ageing population by improving healthcare, education, and social support systems.
Exam Facts
- India's Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is 1.9 (as per SRS bulletin, 2024).
- The replacement level TFR is 2.1.
- India's median age is 29.2 years, compared to China's 40.2 years.
- Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) has fallen to 24.
- Life expectancy at birth is 72 years.
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