Lessons from China on Tackling Pollution: Comparing Beijing and Delhi's Air Quality Strategies
Beijing successfully reduced PM2.5 levels by over 50% between 2013 and 2021 through a 'top-down' approach involving coherent policy, strict enforcement, and regional coordination. In contrast, India's efforts, like the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), are often reactive and fragmented across multiple agencies. China's 'airshed' strategy for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region ensured transboundary regulation. India can learn by shifting from episodic responses to a long-term mission-oriented strategy, accelerating clean energy transitions, and strengthening the implementation of existing laws like the Air Act, 1981, and the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
Key Points
- Beijing's PM2.5 levels dropped significantly from 102 µg/m³ in 2013 to 31 µg/m³ in 2024 due to coordinated regional action.
- China utilized an 'airshed' strategy for regional coordination, which India currently lacks for the Delhi-NCR region.
- India's regulatory framework is fragmented, with interventions often limited to 'pollution peaks' rather than long-term planning.
- Key Indian laws include the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, and the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
Exam Facts
- Beijing reduced PM2.5 levels by more than 50% between 2013 and 2021.
- The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) was established to manage air quality in Delhi-NCR.
- The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in 1981.
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