Sudan Civil War: World's Largest Displacement Crisis and Deepening Humanitarian Catastrophe
Since April 2023, the conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has devastated Sudan's economy and triggered a massive humanitarian crisis. GDP has shrunk by 29%, and over 10 million people have fled their homes, making it the world's largest and fastest-growing displacement crisis. Famine conditions have been confirmed in parts of North Darfur, with food insecurity affecting nearly half the population. Market data shows sorghum prices have surged tenfold, making basic nutrition inaccessible for millions. The international community faces a significant challenge in providing aid amidst ongoing hostilities and regional instability.
Key Points
- The war began due to a power struggle between General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (SAF) and Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (RSF).
- Over 50,000 reported deaths have occurred, though actual numbers are likely significantly higher due to underreporting.
- Sudan is experiencing its steepest economic contraction, with a 29% drop in GDP for the 2023-24 period.
- Famine has been officially declared in the Zamzam camp in North Darfur, with 1% of the population at the highest level of food insecurity.
Exam Facts
- Displaced population: Over 9.8 million people as of September 2025.
- GDP Contraction: 29% in 2023-24.
- Key locations: El Fasher (North Darfur), Khartoum, and the Kordofan region.
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