Snow Leopards Identified as the World’s Least Genetically Diverse Big Cat Species
A study by Stanford University researchers has found that snow leopards possess the lowest genetic diversity among all big cat species, even lower than the cheetah. Using whole-genome sequencing of 37 individuals, the study concluded that this low diversity is due to a persistently small population size over evolutionary history rather than recent inbreeding. Interestingly, the species has "purged" many harmful mutations, allowing the population to remain relatively healthy despite low diversity. However, they remain vulnerable to climate change and habitat loss, particularly in the Himalayas where India plays a crucial role in their conservation.
Key Points
- Snow leopards have the lowest heterozygosity (genetic diversity) among big cats, making them potentially less adaptable to rapid environmental changes.
- The low diversity is a result of long-term small population sizes rather than recent bottlenecks or inbreeding.
- India is home to an estimated 718 snow leopards, with the highest numbers in Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh.
- Conservation efforts like 'Project Snow Leopard' are vital as the species faces threats from habitat degradation and climate-induced disasters.
Exam Facts
- India's first snow leopard population assessment (SPAI) estimated 718 individuals in the wild.
- The study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
- Snow leopards are listed as 'Vulnerable' on the IUCN Red List.
Read it. Retain it. Recall it.
Get spaced-repetition flashcards, daily quizzes and offline access — free on Android.